MALE GAZE DAN KONTROL PATRIARKI ATAS KECANTIKAN DAN TUBUH PEREMPUAN DALAM TIGA CERPEN REMAJA: CANTIK, MISTERI POLAROID DAN KISAH SEORANG PEREMPUAN YANG MENGGUNAKAN TUBUHNYA UNTUK MENDAPATKAN CINTA

Cindy Zahra Devita

doi:10.56413/studi ilmiah sastra.v14i2.492

Cindy Zahra Devita Universitas Nasional PASIM

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56413/studi%20ilmiah%20sastra.v14i2.492

Keywords: Body Construction, The Beauty of Women, Patriarchy, Beauty Standard, Male Gaze

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The construction of women's bodies and beauty has become a demand and necessity imposed by patriarchal culture, particularly in the entertainment industry. In three short stories for young adults—“Cantik” by Katanieke, “Misteri Polaroid” by Intan Paramadhita, and “Kisah Seorang Perempuan yang Menggunakan Tubuhnya untuk Mendapatkan Cinta” by Primadita Rahma—the idealization of women's bodies and beauty is explored. This ideal beauty, characterized by a slim, tall figure with fair skin, is dictated by patriarchal norms that pressure women to conform to these standards. Bartky (1997) argues that the standards of femininity, including physical appearance, body language, and behavior, are perpetuated by patriarchal power. Women are required to self-discipline according to these norms to achieve the 'ideal' body and beauty. Media and technology reinforce this control by promoting an 'ideal' body image. These three short stories depict how women are confronted with societal pressure to display their bodies and beauty according to patriarchal standards.

References

Bartky, S. L. (1997). Foucault, femininity, and the modernization of patriarchal power. In K. Conboy, et al. (Eds.), Writing on the body: Female embodiment and feminist theory (pp. 129-154). Columbia University Press.
Bordo, S. (1993). Unbearable weight: Feminism, Western culture, and the body. University of California Press.
Cixous, H. (1989). Sorties: Out and out: Attacks/ways out/forrays. In C. Morris & J. Moore (Eds.), The feminist reader: Essays in gender and the politics of literary criticism (pp. 150-176). New York: Routledge.
Eagleton, M. (1991). Feminist literary criticism. New York: Longman.
Foucault, M. (1978). The history of sexuality, volume 1: An introduction (R. Hurley, Trans.). Vintage Books.
Katanieke. (2002). Cantik: Kumpulan cerpen. Surabaya.
Moi, T. (1989). Feminist, female, feminine. In C. Morris & J. Moore (Eds.), The feminist reader: Essays in gender and the politics of literary criticism (pp. 147-155). New York: Routledge.
Mulvey, L. (1975). Visual pleasure and narrative cinema. Screen, 16(3), 6-18.
Paramadhita, I. (2005). Sihir perempuan: Misteri polaroid. Katakita.
Rahma, P. (2014). Kisah seorang perempuan yang menggunakan tubuhnya untuk mendapatkan cinta. Theprimadita. URL tidak tersedia.
Todd, J. (1988). Feminist literary history. New York: Routledge.
Wolf, N. (1991). The beauty myth: How images of beauty are used against women. HarperCollins.